by Victor Mushimbami - Monday, 18 July 2022, 10:12 PM

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 Similarities and differences of DNA replication between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes 

Prokaryotic Cells (www.visiblebody.com-photo).

   It has been observed that, eukaryotes are larger than prokaryotes genomes. In eukaryotic chromosomes, are 100,000 origins of replication in humans. The rate comes to approximately 100 nucleotides per second. This is much slower compared to replication in the prokaryotes. (Rye, et al., 2016).

   There are sequences in yeast, which is eukaryotes, known as "Autonomously Replicating Séquences (ARS). They are found on the chromosomes. These are equivalent to the origin of replication in E. Coli (Uopeople, 2021).

   There are more number of DNA in the eukaryotes than in the prokaryotes. According to Rye, et al., (2016), "14 are known, of which five are known to have major roles during replication and have been well studied" (DNA Replication).

   Though there are differences between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes, however, how they replicate or the steps are same. The DNA has to be made available before replication. This is to make it ready before replication starts. The structures called "Nucleosomes" are formed when the DNA is bond to the basic proteins called "histones" (Rye, et al., 2016).

Prokaryotes and eukaryotes differ in size and the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus - www.visiblebody.com-photo

   The chromatin, which is complex between the DNA and proteins, that go through some chemical modification, so that the DNA may be able to slide off the proteins or be accessible to the enzymes of the DNA replication machinery. (Rye, et al., 2016). 

   At the beginning of replication, a complex is made together with initiator proteins. Before the replication process, the other proteins are recruited in order to start the process (Rye, et al., 2016). 

   The eukaryotes are said to be linear. This is different from the prokaryotes. According to Rye, et al., (2016), "the enzyme DNA Pol can add nucleotides only in the 5 to 3 direction. In the leading stand, synthesis continues until the end of the chromosome is reached. (Biology).

   We could say that, DNA is synthesized in short stretches. There is no primer DNA that is copied at the end of chromosome. This is because the replication fork has reached the end of linear chromosome. (Rye, et al., 2016). 

   The ends remain unpaired and become shorter as cells continue to divide (Rye, et al., 2016).

Reference

Rye, C., Wise, R., Jurukovski, V., DeSaix, J., Choi, J., Yael Avissar, Y. (2016). Biology. https://openstax.org/books/biology/pages/14-5-dna-replication-in-eukaryotes

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